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The Tamil diaspora refers to the communities of Tamil people who have migrated from their native regions in India and Sri Lanka to various parts of the world. This migration has occurred over several centuries, but it significantly increased during the 20th century due to various reasons, including civil conflict, economic opportunities, and educational pursuits.

Key regions with significant Tamil diaspora populations include:

1. **Sri Lanka**: Many Tamils from Sri Lanka have migrated due to the civil conflict that lasted from the 1980s to 2009.

2. **India**: Although many Tamils are still in India, especially in Tamil Nadu, there is also migration to other states and countries.

3. **Southeast Asia**: Countries like Malaysia and Singapore have large Tamil communities, primarily due to historical labor migrations during the British colonial period.

4. **Western Countries**: Significant Tamil populations can be found in countries such as Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, often driven by the search for better living conditions and opportunities.

5. **Middle East**: Many Tamils work in Gulf countries as expatriates, contributing to diverse industries.

The Tamil diaspora has maintained cultural practices, language, and traditions while also integrating into their host countries. They contribute to various sectors, including business, education, and healthcare, and have formed vibrant communities that celebrate Tamil culture through festivals, music, and cuisine.