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Freedom of speech in Sri Lanka has been a topic of concern in recent years. While the country’s constitution guarantees freedom of speech and expression, there have been instances where this right has been limited or suppressed.

One of the main challenges to freedom of speech in Sri Lanka is the presence of laws that can be used to curtail free expression. The Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) Act have been used to arrest and detain individuals, including journalists and activists, for expressing dissenting opinions or criticizing the government. These laws have been criticized for being vague and open to abuse.

Another issue is the climate of fear and self-censorship that exists in Sri Lanka. Journalists and media personnel face threats, intimidation, and violence, which can lead to a chilling effect on free speech. Attacks on journalists and media institutions have raised concerns about the safety and protection of those who exercise their right to freedom of expression.

Furthermore, online censorship and surveillance have also been on the rise. The government has imposed restrictions on social media platforms and messaging apps during times of social and political unrest, citing the need to maintain public order. This has raised concerns about the infringement on digital freedoms and the right to express oneself online.

It is important to note that there have been efforts to promote and protect freedom of speech in Sri Lanka. Civil society organisations, media advocacy groups, and human rights activists continue to work towards creating a more open and inclusive environment for free expression. The role of independent media, both traditional and online, is crucial in holding power to account and ensuring transparency in governance.

Overall, while Sri Lanka recognises freedom of speech in its constitution, there are challenges and limitations to its full realisation. Continued efforts are needed to address these challenges and protect the right to freedom of speech for all individuals in Sri Lanka.

There are several laws in Sri Lanka that can be used to limit freedom of speech. Here are some notable examples:

Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA): This law has been criticised for its broad and vague definitions of terrorism, which can be used to suppress dissent and curtail free expression. It grants authorities extensive powers of arrest and detention without proper judicial oversight.

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) Act: Sri Lanka incorporated the ICCPR into domestic law through this act. While the ICCPR guarantees freedom of speech and expression, the act includes provisions that can be used to restrict these rights in the interest of national security, public order, or morality.

Penal Code: The Penal Code of Sri Lanka includes several provisions that can be used to limit freedom of speech. Section 291 criminalises defamation, which can discourage individuals from speaking out or criticising public figures. Section 120A criminalises sedition, which broadly encompasses any act or speech that incites hatred or disaffection against the government.

Computer Crimes Act: This act regulates cybercrime and online activities. While it is intended to address issues such as hacking and identity theft, it also includes provisions that can be used to restrict online expression and impose penalties for content deemed offensive or harmful.

It is important to note that the interpretation and implementation of these laws can vary, and there have been instances where they have been used to suppress free speech. The broad language and potential for abuse in these laws have been a subject of concern for human rights activists and media advocacy groups in Sri Lanka.