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Separatism is a political movement or ideology advocating for the separation of a particular group, region, or community from a larger political entity, such as a nation or state. The goal of separatism is often to achieve independence, autonomy, or self-determination for the group in question. This can involve the desire for a separate nation-state or the establishment of greater political or cultural independence within an existing state.

Key aspects of separatism include:

1. Cultural Identity: Many separatist movements are driven by a distinct cultural, ethnic, or linguistic identity that the group feels is not adequately recognized or respected within the larger political framework.
2. Political Autonomy: Separatists often seek greater political control over their own affairs, which may include demands for autonomy or federalism rather than complete independence.
3. Historical Grievances: Separatist movements frequently arise from historical grievances, including perceived injustices, discrimination, or marginalization experienced by the group.
4. Violence and Non-Violence: Some separatist movements pursue their goals through peaceful means, such as negotiations and referendums, while others may resort to violent actions, including armed conflict.
5. Examples: Notable examples of separatist movements include the Quebec sovereignty movement in Canada, the Catalan independence movement in Spain, and various movements in regions like Scotland, Kurdistan, and the Basque Country.

Overall, separatism is a complex phenomenon that can have significant political, social, and economic implications for both the separatist group and the state from which they seek to separate.